Spanking Children

Spanking Children

Some parents use spanking as a way to discipline their children, but spanking children should not be allowed or permitted.

Spanking prevents misbehavior but it can cause mental health disorder. Sphered (2012) stated that there’s a big relation between spanking children and mental health disorder, physical punishment affects about 2% to 7% on the mental health of the kid. Spanking is the best way that clarifies for a child that has done something wrong and for some people is the most corrected way to explain kid’s mistake but it leads to more aggressive behavior. Hensley (2010) stated that parents that discipline their kids by spanking lead them to be more aggressive after 2 years. Spanking cause successful children but children who are spanked ends with bad relation against parents and other people. Markham (2006) stated that spanked children are able to be more negative and less emotionally than other kids.

Spanking is never the right or the corrected way to rise up your child with good manners; there are many others way to discipline children.

References:

-Shephered, R. (July 2, 2012). The Correct way children can cause Mental Illness. Retrieved Jan 19, 2016. From http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/247333.php

-Hensley, S.(2010). Spanking Leads to More Aggressive Kids. Relived jan11, 2016. From http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2010/04/spanking-can-cause-children-to.hyml

-Markham, L. (2006). Spanking Is Crime. relived Jan 10, 2016. From
http://www.ahaparenting.com/parenting-tools/positive-discipline/should-i-spank-my-child

Star Clusters

What are Star Clusters?

Star clusters are groups of stars close to each other in space that appear to have roughly similar characteristics and, therefore, a common origin. Some of the over 100 billion stars in the Milky Way, our home galaxy, are grouped together in either narrow or wide star clusters. More than 100 narrow groupings, called globular clusters, surround the galaxy's spiral arms in a great halo. Wide groupings, called open clusters or galactic clusters, are far more numerous and are found at the center of the galaxy.

Open Cluster:

Open Clusters are the clusters observed for some thousands of years. They are found primarily in the galactic disk and are much younger than globular clusters.The stars in the open clusters are formed recently from the gas and dust swept around by the spiral arms.

Globular Cluster:

A globular cluster is a spherical collection of stars that orbits a galactic core as a satellite. Globular clusters are very tightly bound by gravity, which gives them their spherical shapes and relatively high stellar densities toward their centers. Globular clusters, which are found in the halo of a galaxy, contain considerably more stars and are much older than the less dense galactic or open clusters, which are found in the disk.

Milky-way Galaxy

Milkyway Galaxy

The Milky Way Galaxy is our home galaxy in the universe. It is a spiral galaxy with a bulged center and arms that start in the center and form a flat pinwheel shape.

Characteristics of Milkyway Galaxy:

Type: Barred Spiral

Diameter: 100,000-180,000 light years

Distance to galactic center: 26000 light years

Mass: 800-1800 Mass with respect to the sun

Age: 13.6 Billion Light Years

Stars:100-400 Billion

Facts about Milkyway Galaxy:

• Milky Way began as a series of dense regions in the universe not long after the Big Bang.
  
  
• Milky Way has grown by merging with other galaxies through time. It is currently acquiring stars from a very small galaxy called the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal, as well as gobbling up material from the Magellanic Clouds.

• The Milky Way moves through space at a velocity of about 552 kilometers per second.

• The Milky Way’s central core contains a supermassive black hole. It contains the mass of about 4.3 million Suns.

• The stars, gas, and dust of the Milky Way all orbit the center at a rate of about 220 kilometers per second.

• Our galaxy will collide with Andromeda Galaxy in about 5 billion years. Some astronomers refer to our two galaxies as a binary system of giant spirals.

What is understanding?

What is Understanding

Understanding is a mental construct, an abstraction made by the human mind to make sense of many distinct pieces of knowledge.(if students understand then they can provide evidence of that understanding by showing that they know and can do specific things).
The idea of understanding is surely different from the idea of knowing, for example, the student knows the meaning of the words but he/she doesn't understand the sentence.

The difference between understanding and knowing is that when the student knows he can restate, retell, plug-in, regurgitate. while the student understands he can apply, use, create, and transfer.
Understand means that to have the ability to transfer what we have learned to new settings, and use them in flexible, creative way.

Jigsaw Model

Jigsaw Model

There are many ways that the teachers may use in order to corporate their students together.  so let us list the cooperative learning structures from simplest one to the more advanced one:

• Think-Pair-Share
• Say and switch
• Roundtable
• Three-Step Interview
•  Corners
• Graffiti
• Learning Together
• Teams-Games-Tournaments
• Jigsaw
• Group Investigation

Let us talk about the Steps of using Jigsaw technique 

1. Step One: Divide students into 5-or 6-person jigsaw groups.
2. Step Two: Appoint one student from each group as the leader.
3. Step Three: Divide the day’s lesson into 5-6 segments.
4. StepFour: Assign each student to learn one segment.
5. StepFive: Give students time to read over their segment at least twice and become familiar with it.
6. Step Six: Form temporary “expert groups” by having one student from each jigsaw group join other students assigned to the same segment.
7. Step Seven: Bring the students back into their jigsaw groups.
8. Step Eight: Ask each student to present her or his segment to the group.
9. Step Nine: Float from group to group, observing the process.
10. Step Ten: At the end of the session, give a quiz on the material.

Momentum

Moves that would help in keeping a good Momentum

The concept of Momentum pertains to the smooth, ongoing flow of events in the classroom (Kounin, 1970). Teaching is full of pitfalls (problems) to momentum. When these pitfalls occur, students' concentration is broken, and they are distracted from or prevented from becoming involved in learning activities.

Moves that would help in keeping a good Momentum:

Provisioning

It means that having things ready to go- the space and the materials.With adequate provisioning, the teacher does not call a group of students together and then leave them for a minute to fetch something needed for the lesson from the closet.

Overlapping

It is the ability to manage two or more parallel events simultaneously with evidence of attention to both.and withitness is being able to be in charge all the time, the senses should be alert at all times all over the place.

Fillers

It means having a box of activities handy for use in case that the teacher has spare time, this helps occupy free time to avoid disasters.

Giving Notice Before Transitions

Momentum can be broken if students are not prepared for transitions (Arlin, 1979), for example, if they are abruptly directed to cease one activity and begin another without time to come to some satisfactory closure in what they are doing.Teachers anticipate and soften these transition by giving students advance notice of when a transition is coming so they can get ready for it.

Diversities

Diversities

There are different diversities that the teachers face in their classroom with their students, these diversities may be of age, religion, socioeconomic, abilities, learning, nationality, culture, and gender.Actually, there are many others kinds but let us talk especially about the implications of the teacher in dealing with learning diversity.

Implications:

1. Some students who struggle in academics may not have had the kinds of rich experiences that prepare children for learning, such as being read a variety of books, visiting museums; or playing games. Understanding the backgrounds of all students and supplementing their experiential foundation can have an impact on their learning.
2. With effective instruction that includes a variety of engaging repetition activities, students will become more fluent and automatic in demonstrating skills such as reading, calculating, and writing. The more automatic a skill becomes the more energy the brain can expand on other tasks.
3. Students need scaffolding and support to connect information and make sense of it. As teachers, we need to use teaching strategies such as graphic organizers, concept maps, or semantic features charts that assist students in comprehending what seem to be the unrelated piece of information.
4. Students will remember and retrieve more information if it has been presented visually, especially pictures and moving visual stimuli.
5. The importance of emotional engagement with learning. if the students are emotionally engaged or excited about the learning task, they are more likely to learn.